Confused About AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs?

Confused About AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs?

Let’s break it down simply:

AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acids)

Best for: Dullness, uneven tone, fine lines, surface dryness
Water-soluble – works on the skin’s surface

• Glycolic Acid (from sugar cane)
  – Smallest molecule, deeply exfoliates, boosts collagen

• Lactic Acid (from sour milk or fermented vegetables)
  – Hydrating, brightens skin, gentle on sensitive types

• Mandelic Acid (from bitter almonds)
  – Antibacterial, great for acne-prone or sensitive skin

• Malic Acid (from apples)
  – Mild exfoliator, also hydrates

• Tartaric Acid (from grapes or wine)
  – pH-balancing, antioxidant support

• Citric Acid (from citrus fruits)
  – Brightens and smooths, often used to balance pH

BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acids)

Best for: Oily skin, clogged pores, acne
Oil-soluble – penetrates into pores

• Salicylic Acid (from willow bark)
  – Deep-cleans pores, reduces inflammation and breakouts

• Betaine Salicylate (from sugar beets + salicylic acid)
  – A gentler alternative to salicylic acid, hydrating + exfoliating

PHA (Polyhydroxy Acids)

Best for: Sensitive skin, rosacea, barrier support
Large molecules – gentle, non-irritating exfoliation

• Gluconolactone (from corn or glucose fermentation)
  – Hydrates, strengthens barrier, antioxidant-rich

• Lactobionic Acid (from milk sugar – lactose)
  – Very hydrating, supports skin renewal, great for aging skin

• Galactose (a type of sugar found in milk)
  – Mild exfoliation, hydrates, antioxidant properties

Where Does Azelaic Acid Fit In?

Derived from wheats, barley & rye, think of it as a "bonus acid" that blends the best of all categories!

• What it does:
  – Gently exfoliates
  – Reduces redness (rosacea-friendly)
  – Fights acne-causing bacteria
  – Helps fade hyperpigmentation
  – Supports the skin barrier

• Who it's for:
  – Sensitive, acne-prone, rosacea-prone, or uneven skin tone

  Gentle enough for daily use, and often paired with other acids.

Quick Tips:

• AHAs = surface glow + hydration

• BHAs = deep pore cleanse + acne help

• PHAs = gentle exfoliation + barrier repair