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Confused About AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs?
Confused About AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs? Let's break it down simply.
INGREDIENTSSKIN HEALTHPEELSTREATMENTS
5/12/20251 min read


Confused About AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs?
Let’s break it down simply:
AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acids)
Best for: Dullness, uneven tone, fine lines, surface dryness
Water-soluble – works on the skin’s surface
Glycolic Acid (from sugar cane)
– Smallest molecule, deeply exfoliates, boosts collagenLactic Acid (from sour milk or fermented vegetables)
– Hydrating, brightens skin, gentle on sensitive typesMandelic Acid (from bitter almonds)
– Antibacterial, great for acne-prone or sensitive skinMalic Acid (from apples)
– Mild exfoliator, also hydratesTartaric Acid (from grapes or wine)
– pH-balancing, antioxidant supportCitric Acid (from citrus fruits)
– Brightens and smooths, often used to balance pH
BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acids)
Best for: Oily skin, clogged pores, acne
Oil-soluble – penetrates into pores
Salicylic Acid (from willow bark)
– Deep-cleans pores, reduces inflammation and breakoutsBetaine Salicylate (from sugar beets + salicylic acid)
– A gentler alternative to salicylic acid, hydrating + exfoliating
PHA (Polyhydroxy Acids)
Best for: Sensitive skin, rosacea, barrier support
Large molecules – gentle, non-irritating exfoliation
Gluconolactone (from corn or glucose fermentation)
– Hydrates, strengthens barrier, antioxidant-richLactobionic Acid (from milk sugar – lactose)
– Very hydrating, supports skin renewal, great for aging skinGalactose (a type of sugar found in milk)
– Mild exfoliation, hydrates, antioxidant properties
Where Does Azelaic Acid Fit In?
Derived from wheats, barley & rye, think of it as a "bonus acid" that blends the best of all categories!
What it does:
– Gently exfoliates
– Reduces redness (rosacea-friendly)
– Fights acne-causing bacteria
– Helps fade hyperpigmentation
– Supports the skin barrierWho it's for:
– Sensitive, acne-prone, rosacea-prone, or uneven skin toneGentle enough for daily use, and often paired with other acids.
Quick Tips:
AHAs = surface glow + hydration
BHAs = deep pore cleanse + acne help
PHAs = gentle exfoliation + barrier repair